ABSORPTION EQUIVALENT THICKNESS (AET) METHOD AND PENCIL BEAM METHOD FOR ELECTRON BEAM TREATMENT PLANNING

The streamline diffusion method with implicit integration for the multi-dimensional Fermi Pencil Beam equation

We derive error estimates in the appropriate norms, for the streamlinediffusion (SD) finite element methods for steady state, energy dependent,Fermi equation in three space dimensions. These estimates yield optimal convergencerates due to the maximal available regularity of the exact solution.High order SD method together with implicit integration are used. The formulationis strongly consistent...

Independent-exposure Method in Electron-beam Lithography

Nonlinear f Method for Beam - Beam Simulation

We have developed an e cacious algorithm for simulation of the beam-beam interaction in synchrotron colliders based on the nonlinear f method, where f is the much smaller deviation of the beam distribution from the slowly evolving main distribution f0. In the presence of damping and quantum uctuations of synchrotron radiation it has been shown that the slowly evolving part of the distribution f...

A benchmarking method to evaluate the accuracy of a commercial proton monte carlo pencil beam scanning treatment planning system

AcurosPT is a Monte Carlo algorithm in the Eclipse 13.7 treatment planning system, which is designed to provide rapid and accurate dose calculations for proton therapy. Computational run-time in minimized by simplifying or eliminating less significant physics processes. In this article, the accuracy of AcurosPT was benchmarked against both measurement and an independent MC calculation, TOPAS. S...

Pencil - Beam Searches for Faint

Motivated by a desire to understand the size distribution of objects in the Kuiper belt, an observing program has been conducted at the CFHT and Palomar 5-m telescopes. We have conducted pencil-beam searches for outer solar system objects to a limiting magnitude of R 26. Fields were searched using software recombinations of many short exposures shifted at diierent angular rates in order to dete...